Washington: Researchers have said insights into how the parasites, which cause the sleeping sickness , are able to communicate with one another could help limit the spread of the infection.
The findings suggest that new drugs could be designed to disrupt the flow of messages sent between these infectious microorganisms.
Sleeping sickness - so named because it disrupts sleep patterns - is transmitted by the bite of the tsetse fly. Untreated, it can damage the nervous system, leading to coma, organ failure and death.
During infection, the parasites - known as African trypanosomes - multiply in the bloodstream and communicate with each other by releasing a small molecule.
When levels of this molecule become sufficiently high, this acts as a signal for the parasites to stop replicating and to change into a form that can be picked up by biting flies and spread.
A team led by researchers at the University of Edinburgh were able to uncover key components of the parasites' messaging system.
They used a technique known as gene silencing, to identify those genes that are used to respond to the communication signals and the mechanisms involved.
The research has been published in the journal Nature.
