Washington: A team of scientists has discovered magnetic waves that fluctuate when exposed to certain conditions in a superconducting material.
The finding was made by Brown University physicist Vesna Mitrovic and colleagues at Brown and in France.
At the quantum level, the forces of magnetism and superconductivity exist in an uneasy relationship.
Superconducting materials repel a magnetic field, so to create a superconducting current, the magnetic forces must be strong enough to overcome the natural repulsion and penetrate the body of the superconductor.
But there`s a limit. Apply too much magnetic force and the superconductor`s capability is destroyed.
This relationship is pretty well known. But why it is so remains mysterious.
Now, physicists at Brown University have documented for the first time a quantum-level phenomenon that occurs to electrons subjected to magnetism in a superconducting material.
They report that at under certain conditions, electrons in superconducting material form odd, fluctuating magnetic waves.
Apply a little more magnetic force, and those fluctuations cease. The electronic magnets form repeated wave-like patterns promoted by superconductivity.
The discovery may help scientists understand more fully the relationship between magnetism and superconductivity at the quantum level.
The insight also may help advance research into superconducting magnets, which are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a host of other applications.
When a magnetic field is applied to a superconducting material, vortices measured in nanometers (1 billionth of a meter) pop up.
These vortices, like super-miniature tornadoes, are areas where the magnetic field has overpowered the superconducting field state, essentially suppressing it.
Crank up the magnetic field and more vortices appear.
At some point, the vortices are so widespread the material loses its superconducting ability altogether.
At an even more basic level, sets of electrons called Cooper pairs form superconductivity.
But, scientists believe there also are other electrons that are magnetically oriented and spin on their own axes like little globes.
These electrons are tilted at various angles on their imaginary axes and move in a repeating, linear pattern that resembles waves, Mitrovic and her colleagues have observed.
"These funny waves most likely appear because of superconductivity, but the reason why is still unsettled," Mitrovic said.
The researchers saw that the waves fluctuated under certain conditions.
Mitrovic and her colleagues also observed that when more magnetic energy is added, the fluctuations disappear and the waves resume their repeating, linear patterns.
The researchers next want to understand why these fluctuations occur and whether they crop up in other superconducting material.
ANI
